Two-Factor Authentication
The CSC currently uses DUO 2FA for off-campus SSH access to the general-use machines. This makes it easy to sign up new members remotely, who almost certainly already have the DUO app installed.
For members
If you are on campus, you may SSH into any general-use machine via:
- public key authentication
- password
- GSSAPI (Kerberos ticket)
If you are using a student CS machine as a jump host, or are using the campus VPN, this also counts as being on campus.
If you are off campus, you may SSH into any general-use machine via:
- public key authentication
- password and DUO
Note that you may not SSH remotely into a CSC machine using only your password. After you enter your password, you should see a prompt from DUO.
For syscom
We are using the pam_duo module to contact the DUO server.
Off-campus case
This is the relevant portion of /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
# For pam_duo UsePAM yes # DUO should be passed the IP address, not the hostname UseDNS no # public key authentication with authorized_keys PubkeyAuthentication yes # password authentication, *not* via PAM PasswordAuthentication yes PermitEmptyPasswords no KerberosAuthentication yes # for PAM conversations ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes # off-campus access AuthenticationMethods publickey password,keyboard-interactive
The last line says that users may authenticate via publickey, or with a password and DUO (keyboard-interactive basically means "use PAM"). Note that sshd is not using PAM to verify the user's password; it is contacting the Kerberos server directly instead (we set KerberosAuthentication to 'yes'). Once it has verified the user's password, it runs the 'auth' sections in /etc/pam.d/sshd, which we have set to:
auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_duo.so auth requisite pam_deny.so auth required pam_permit.so
Note that we are not including the common-auth file (which is the default). This is because at this stage, the user's password has already been verified, so DUO is the last step.
For account, session and password, sshd will still consult PAM, meaning that the user will still be prompted to change their password if +needchange was set (which we want).
On-campus case
In /etc/ssh/sshd_config, we also have:
# On-campus
Match Address 129.97.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,2620:101:f000::/47,fd74:6b6a:8eca::/47
AuthenticationMethods publickey password gssapi-with-mic
The IP prefixes are those for AS12093 (University of Waterloo). If someone is on-campus, then they may use just a password, or a Kerberos ticket (GSSAPI).